Write four methods of soil conservation.
Answer:
What is soil erosion? Write the main causes of
soil erosion
What is regur soil? Write its two features.
Mention any two regions where regur soil is found.
Write the main characteristics of alluvial
soils.
Write six human activities which have caused
land degradation.
Write the major features of Rio de Janeiro
Earth Summit, 1992.
What do you understand by ‘sustainable economic
development’?
Write two types of renewable resources and give
one example of each type
Write the main characteristics of intensive
subsistence farming
What is the most important characteristic of
commercial farming?
Name three cropping seasons of India. Write
their sowing and harvesting time and major crops of each season.
Define the term ‘mineral’.
Answer:
Geologists define mineral as a “homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure.” They have physical and chemical properties by which they can be identified.
Define the term ‘ore’.
Answer:
The term ‘ore’ is used to describe an accumulation of any mineral mixed with other elements.
How are ‘Gobar gas plants’ beneficial to the farmers? (2016 OD)
Answer:
“Gobar Gas Plants” are beneficial to the farmers in the form of energy and improved quality of manure.
Make a distinction between hydroelectricity and thermal electricity stating three points of distinction.
Or
What are the two main ways of generating electricity? How are they different from each other. Explain. (2011 OD, 2014 OD)
Answer:
Electricity is generated mainly in two ways:
- By running water which drives hydro turbines to generate hydro electricity.
- By burning other fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas to drive turbines to produce thermal power.
| Hydroelectricity | Thermal electricity |
| (i) Hydroelectricity is generated by fast flowing water which drives turbines to generate electricity. | (i) Thermal electricity is generated by using coal, petroleum and natural gas. |
| (ii) It is a renewable resource and is cheap. | (ii) The thermal power stations use nonrenewable fossil fuels. |
| (iii) India has a number of multipurpose projects like the Bhakra Nangal, Damodar Valley Corporation etc. producing hydroelectric power. | (iii) There are over 310 thermal power plants in India |
Answer:
Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. This vertical division of power among different levels of governments is referred to as federalism. Federalism is one of the major forms of power-sharing in modem democracies.
Answer:
Disguised unemployment is a situation in which more people are employed on a job than the required number.
Answer:
100 days of employment are guaranteed under NREGA, 2005.
Why is NREGA also called the Right to work? Explain the objectives of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005. (2015, 2014, 2013)
Answer:
Every state or region in India has potential for increasing the income and employment in that area.
Recognising this, the Central Government in India has passed an act called the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005,
Main objectives of the NREGA 2005 are:
- to implement the Right to Work in 200 districts of India.
- to guarantee 100 days of employment in a year by the Government. In case the Government fails, it offers unemployment allowance.
- to give preference to the type of work that will help increase the production from land.
Answer:
Barter system refers to the system of exchange of goods and services. It is the system by which one commodity is exchanged for another without the use of money. Before money was introduced, people practised barter system.
Example: A farmer could buy a dhoti from a weaver or a pair of shoes from a cobbler in exchange of grains he produced.
Answer:
Investment is buying of an asset in the form of a factory, a machine, land and building, etc. (physical assets) or shares (monetary assets) for the purpose of making or sharing profits of the enterprises concerned.
Common investments are—buying land, factories, machines for faster production, buying small local companies to expand production, cheap labour, skilled engineers, IT personnel, etc.
Answer:
A Multi-National Corporation (MNC) is a company that owns or controls production in more than one nation. The goods and services are produced globally. The production process is divided into small parts and spread out across the globe.
What do you understand by the term ‘Foreign Direct Investment’? (2014 OD)
Answer:
FDI is the investment of foreign capital in the economic and productive activities of a country by foreign companies or MNCs with the aim of expanding capacity and production to earn profits.
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