Q4. What restrictions were laid by British Government on Gandhiji’s Book “Hind Swaraj “ ?
Ans . In 1909 , the book “ Hind Swaraj “ , Written by Gandhiji was Published. It Contained the ideas of Gandhi ji Non violence , Satyagrah , and non – Cooperative etc.
The English laid restriction on publication of this book. The copies of this book were secretly printed during the civil disobedience movment and its copies were distributed in the public meetings. It promoted to break the governments law and promote the principles of Civil disobedience movement amongst people
Q5. Give Four Reasons responsible for the first War of Independance of 1857
Ans. the first War of Independance of 1857 started on
10 May 1857,
the sepoys in the cantonment
of Meerut broke out in mutiny,
There were many reasons of revolt.
Economic reasons: The British land revenue was policy the first British revenue settlement,
known as the Summary Settlement of 1856, was based
on the assumption that the taluqdars
were
interlopers
with no
permanent stakes in land
Custom reasons:
The British established
laws to abolish customs like sati (1829) and to permit
the remarriage of Hindu widows
Social reasons :under the leadership of Governor General Lord
William Bentinck,
the British adopted policies aimed at “reforming” Indian
society by introducing Western education, Western ideas
and Western institutions.
British
Policy for Indian Rulars: By the Policy of Doctorin of Lapse British annexed
not only Awadh, but many other kingdoms and
principalities like Jhansi and Satara.
Q.1 the Idea of Satyagrah ?
Ans. It suggested that if the cause
was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was
not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without seeking vengeance or
being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through non-
violence. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the
oppressor.
Q .2 what was Khilafat andolan ?
Ans. Khilafat movement was started by Indian Muslim against British government
To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, because The First World War had
ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. And there were rumors
that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman
emperor – the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the Khalifa).
Q 3. Non – Cooperation ?
Ans. stages.the idea of Non- Cooperation was introduce in gandhijis book “Swaraj”That do not cooperate with british government and It should begin with the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods.
Q 4. Non – Cooperation movement ?
Ans Non – Cooperation movement began in january 1921. By congress under the leadership of gandhiji with middle-class participation in the cities.Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices.
Effect :
1.Boycotte of Foreign goods
2.Liquor shope picketed ,
3.burning foreing Cloths on market ,
4.indian traders refused to trade with foreigners
5.started wearing khadi (Swadeshi cloths)
Due to chouri choura incident gandhiji stop to the Non – Cooperation movement.
Q 5 . Why has simon commission come to India ?
Ans. in 1927 Britain constituted a Statutory Commission under Sir John Simon.
to the commission was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system
in India and suggest changes. The problem was that the commission did not
have a single Indian member. They were all British.
Q 6. Salt march ?
Ans.On 31 January 1930, gandhiji sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin
stating eleven demands. If the demands were not fulfilled
by 11 March, the letter stated, the Congress would launch
a civil disobedience campaign. Irwin was unwilling to negotiate.
So Mahatma Gandhi started his famous salt march accompanied
by 78 of his trusted volunteers. The march was over 240 miles,
from Gandhiji’s ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati coastal town
of Dandi. British. On 6 April he reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated
the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. This marked
the beginning of the Civil Disobedience MovementQ.7 the Civil Disobedience Movement ?
Ans. the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement from manufacturing salt by boiling sea water by gandhiji.
People were now asked not only to refuse cooperation but also to break
colonial laws.
1.Boycott of Foreign goods
2.Liquor shop picketed ,
3.burning foreign Cloths on market ,
4.Indian traders refused to trade with foreigners
5.Cut the telecommunication and broke forest laws.
Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked by , women and children were beaten,
and about 100,000 people were arrested by British . Due to this Mahatma Gandhi once again decided
to call off the movement and entered into a pact with Irwin on 5 March 1931.
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